ESO 3. Unit 3. Quantifiers

Tips for a better course start

Check these three documents brought to you thanks to the incredible work of Luke Palder. In here you have tips to improve your writing, skills and methods when learning English.


This guide shows you how by only following these 23 steps you will produce more effective and correct writings.

The next document is aimed at you only in case you are a beginning student. Here you will find some important points, perhaps, you hadn't previously thought of  in your English learning process.

The four skills for a language user are: Speaking, Writing, Listening and Reading. Are you interested in practising and improving them? Then, have a go on the following guide:

BAT 1. GERUNDS OR INFINITIVES?

BAT 1. MODAL VERBS PRACTICE

Bat 1. Unit 7.Modal & Modal Perfects

http://www.learnenglishlanguagewell.com/2013/more-exercises-modals-b1b2/

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-modals.php#.U0OXLPl_t9U

http://a4esl.org/q/h/0101/ig-modals.html

http://es.scribd.com/doc/3305639/Modal-Verbs-Exercise-1

http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/modals-exercises.html

Oral Exposition. Unit 6. ESO 2

Bat 1. Unit 6. Passive voice & Causative Verbs

Rule I.
We use the passive voice when it is not important who or what does the action. We use the active voice when we know or it is important who or what does the action. The passive voice is less usual than the active voice.

Example
This book was published a week ago.
(“Was published” is a passive voice. We don’t know who has published this book, it’s not important who. But the fact is that the book is published.)

Example
Mr. Smith/The publishing house “X” published this book a week ago.
(Here is the active voice. We know exactly who has published the book.)

When we want to say who does or what causes this or that action, we use by or with.

Examples
a) This book was published by Mr. Smith.
b) The room was filled with smoke.

We form the passive voice with the help of auxiliary verb “to be” and the past participle of the main verb.
To be (am, are, is, was, were, have been, had been) + Past Participle II :

Tenses	Voices	Examples
Present simple	active: tell(s) passive: am/is/are told	She tells She is told
Past simple	active: told passive: was/were told	She told She was told
Future simple	active: will tell passive: will be told	She will tell She will be told
Present continuous	active: am/is/are telling passive: am/is/are being told	She is telling She is being told
Past continuous	active: was/were telling passive: was/were being told	She was telling She was being told
Future continuous	active: will be telling passive: …(doesn’t exist)	She will be telling …(doesn’t exist)
Present perfect simple	active: have/has told passive: have/has been told	She has told She has been told
Past perfect simple	active: had told passive: had been told	She had told She had been told
Future perfect	active: will have told passive: will have been told	She will have told She will have been told

Modal verbs
Can/could, may/might, must/have to, ought to, shall/should, will/would + be done/have been done:
Examples
a) Will your room be cleaned?
b) This lesson mustn’t be learned.
c) Tigers can be seen in our Zoo.
d) My bag must have been stolen.


Rule II.
We don’t use intransitive verbs in the passive voice.
There are:
To be, to become, to have, to consist, to belong, to possess, to arrive, to fly, to fit, to hold,
to resemble, to seem, to go, to come, to appear.

Examples
a) Tom has a nice car.
b) Kate has become a great gift.
c) You seem to be aghast.


Rule III.
It is also very important to know that there are some verbs that can have two objects.
So, that’s mean that it’s possible to make two passive sentences.
Example
Mr. Smith offered Kate the job. (Kate and the job are two objects)

Let’s make the first passive sentence:
1. Kate was offered the job.

And now the second passive sentence:
2. The job was offered to Kate.

But it is more usual for the passive sentence to begin with the person. There are other verbs which can have two objects.
Here they are:
ask, pay, tell, teach, give, show, allow, promise, refuse, deny.

Examples
a) Tom will be paid for his work next week.
b) We were given the information about our final exam.
c) Have you been shown the books?


Rule IV.
We can use the structure have something done to talk about things we pay or employ other people to do for us.
Examples
— Kate made the dress. (here she made the dress herself)
— Kate had the dress made. (here she employed somebody to make the dress, so she didn’t make it herself)

We form this construction in this way:
We use the verb have + object + past participle.
Examples
a) Kate had the dress made. (here is the past form)
b) We have the office cleaned every evening.

But we should be very careful with the word order. We put the object before the past participle, not after it.
Examples
— We have cleaned the office every evening.— We have the office cleaned every evening. (It’s right!)


Rule V.
We can also use “get something done” instead of “have something done“. But it is less formal.
Examples
a) We get the office cleaned every evening.
b) Kate get the dress made.


Rule VI.
We use “have something done” or “get something done” in different tenses.
But we should use the correct form of the verb “have” or the verb “get“.

Tenses	Examples
Present simple	Kate has the dress made.
Past simple	Kate had the dress made.
Future simple	Kate will have the dress made.
Present continuous	Kate is having the dress made.
Past continuous	Kate was having the dress made.
Future continuous	Kate will be having the dress made.
Present perfect simple	— Has Kate had the dress made? — Kate has had the dress made.
Past perfect simple	— Had Kate had the dress made? — Kate had had the dress made.
Present perfect continuous	Kate has been having the dress made.
Past perfect continuous	Kate had been having the dress made.

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Try now on some of these exercises to see if you fully understood it:

http://www.ihbristol.com/free-english-exercises/test/esol-smc-passive-causative-sentences
http://www.englishlab.net/hp/quiz28_mixed_tenses_4_active_passive_story.htm
http://grammar-quizzes.com/passive1d.html
http://grammar-quizzes.com/passive1c.html
http://grammar-quizzes.com/passive1b.html

Bat 1. Unit 5. Reported Speech

Here you have the slide presentation we've been working on the last weeks in class. It is expected that it helps you to revise and check those things that you did not fully understand. 

In case you still have some doubts, have a try on the links provided below:

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/reported.htm

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?10

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/reported-speech/exercises?11

http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-exercise-reported-speech.php#.Uw8GTvl5N9U

Oral Exposition. Unit 5 . ESO 2

Images to Describe. Writing U4. Bat 1

The next writing assignment is about descriptions. Choose one of the following images and write a description according to the guidelines provided in class. Remember that the length must be between 130-150 words.

Note that the document has an ODT extension, which means that you will need the OpenOffice app in your computer installed.

BAT 1. More Relative Clauses Practice

UNIT 3 BAT 1. Relative Clauses

Relative clauses

Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who*, that, which, whose, where, when. They are most often used to define or identify the noun that precedes them. Here are some examples:

• Do you know the girl who started in grade 7 last week?
• Can I have the pencil that I gave you this morning?
• A notebook is a computer which can be carried around.
• I won't eat in a restaurant whose cooks smoke.
• I want to live in a place where there is lots to do.
• Yesterday was a day when everything went wrong!

* There is a relative pronoun whom, which can be used as the object of the relative clause. For example: My science teacher is a person whom I like very much. To many people the word whom now sounds old-fashioned, and it is rarely used in spoken English.

Relative pronouns are associated as follows with their preceding noun:

Preceding noun	Relative pronoun	Examples
a person	who(m)/that, whose	- Do you know the girl who .. - He was a man that .. - An orphan is a child whose parents ..
a thing	which†/that, whose	- Do you have a computer which .. - The oak a tree that .. - This is a book whose author ..

Note 1: The relative pronoun whose is used in place of the possessive pronoun. It must be followed by a noun. Example: There's a boy in grade 8 whose father is a professional tennis player. (There's a boy in grade 8. His father is a professional tennis player.)

Note 2: The relative pronouns where and when are used with place and time nouns. Examples: FIS is a school where children from more than 50 countries are educated. 2001 was the year when terrorists attacked the Twin Towers in New York.

Some relative clauses are not used to define or identify the preceding noun but to give extra information about it. Here are some examples:

• My ESL teacher, who came to Germany in 1986, likes to ride his mountain bike.
• The heavy rain, which was unusual for the time of year, destroyed most of the plants in my garden.
• Einstein, who was born in Germany, is famous for his theory of relativity.
• The boy, whose parents both work as teachers at the school, started a fire in the classroom.
• My mother's company, which makes mobile phones, is moving soon from Frankfurt to London.
• In the summer I'm going to visit Italy, where my brother lives.

Note 1: Relative clauses which give extra information, as in the example sentences above,must be separated off by commas.

Note 2: The relative pronoun that cannot be used to introduce an extra-information (non-defining) clause about a person. Wrong: Neil Armstrong, that was born in 1930, was the first man to stand on the moon. Correct: Neil Armstrong, who was born in 1930, was the first man to stand on the moon.

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There are two common occasions, particularly in spoken English, when the relative pronoun is omitted:

1. When the pronoun is the object of the relative clause. In the following sentences the pronoun that can be left out is enclosed in (brackets):

• Do you know the girl (who/m) he's talking to?
• Where's the pencil (which) I gave you yesterday?
• I haven't read any of the books (that) I got for Christmas.
• I didn't like that girl (that) you brought to the party.
• Did you find the money (which) you lost?

Note: You cannot omit the relative pronoun a.) if it starts a non-defining relative clause, or, b.) if it is the subject of a defining relative clause. For example, who is necessary in the following sentence: What's the name of the girl who won the tennis tournament?

2. When the relative clause contains a present or past participle and the auxiliary verb to be. In such cases both relative pronoun and auxiliary can be left out:

• Who's that man (who is) standing by the gate?
• The family (that is) living in the next house comes from Slovenia.
• She was wearing a dress (which was) covered in blue flowers.
• Most of the parents (who were) invited to the conference did not come.
• Anyone (that is) caught writing on the walls will be expelled from school.

http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/multi/relative1.htm
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/multi/relative2.htm
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/multi/relative3.htm
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=4219
http://ies1libertas.edu.gva.es/departamentos/ingles/PDFs/primerob/erelcla1b1.pdf

ESO 2 UNIT 4 Past Simple & Past Continuous

http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=734

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpas-paspro

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs3.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_progressive.htm

http://www.eslcafe.com/quiz/past1.html